NORTHERN TRUST US EQUITY ETF

Volume profile, support and resistance

Split-adjusted minute bars put price and volume on the same share basis. For a 1-for-10 reverse split, historical prices are multiplied by ten and volume divided by ten; forward splits work in reverse. Provider update times vary. Cash dividends, share issuance and company mergers are not included in this adjustment.

Minute-bar volume is allocated to each bar's representative price: VWAP, or the average of high, low and close. Bars estimate cumulative traded volume, not current holdings or open orders. Weighted-average prices and support/resistance candidates use the same adjusted data. No profile is shown when adjusted data cannot be verified.

Off-exchange trading and volume

Off-exchange volume includes dark pools, ATS and internalized broker trades. Not all off-exchange trades are dark-pool trades, and trade direction is not available.

Off-exchange share is estimated by dividing FINRA-reported regular-session volume by same-day regular-session SIP minute-bar volume. Trade conditions, closing auctions and corrections may differ. Ratios are hidden when time or quantity validation fails. Daily short-volume ratios use FINRA-reported volume as their denominator.

The average uses the previous 20 trading days, excluding the latest day. Volume multiples are hidden when history is insufficient or corporate actions cannot be verified. Missing data does not mean zero.

Short interest and short squeezes

Short interest is reported twice monthly as of settlement dates. We estimate short interest relative to float only when reference dates are within seven days and no subsequent split has occurred. Separately collected ratios may use different dates. These figures do not reflect every share-count change in real time.

Short-squeeze checks use WAPE's reference rules, not a validated prediction model. Ratios without confirmed dates are excluded. Borrow fees, available shares and live covering activity are not included. Assessments are withheld when short-interest data is over 45 days old, daily trading data is over five days old, or refreshes fail.